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Abdirad, H and Dossick, C S (2019) Normative and descriptive models for COBie implementation: discrepancies and limitations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1820–36.

Almarri, K, Alzahrani, S and Boussabaine, H (2019) An evaluation of the impact of risk cost on risk allocation in public private partnership projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1696–711.

Almeida, L, Tam, V W, Le, K N and She, Y (2020) Effects of occupant behaviour on energy performance in buildings: a green and non-green building comparison. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1939–62.

Anson, M, Ying, K T and Siu, M F (2019) Analytical models towards explaining the difficulty in efficiently matching site concrete supply resources with placing crew needs. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1672–95.

Antwi-Afari, M F, Li, H, Wong, J K, Oladinrin, O T, Ge, J X, Seo, J and Wong, A Y L (2019) Sensing and warning-based technology applications to improve occupational health and safety in the construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1534–52.

Au-Yong, C P, Chua, S J L, Ali, A S and Tucker, M (2019) Optimising maintenance cost by prioritising maintenance of facilities services in residential buildings. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1593–607.

Charkhakan, M H and Heravi, G (2019) Evaluating the preventability of conflicts arising from change occurrence in construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1777–800.

Gao, J, Ren, H, Ma, X, Cai, W and Shi, Q (2019) A total energy efficiency evaluation framework based on embodied energy for the construction industry and the spatio-temporal evolution analysis. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1652–71.

Habibi, M and Kermanshachi, S (2018) Phase-based analysis of key cost and schedule performance causes and preventive strategies. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(08), 1009–33.

He, Q, Wang, T, Chan, A P, Li, H and Chen, Y (2019) Identifying the gaps in project success research. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1553–73.

Hilali, A, Charoenngam, C and Barman, A (2019) Barriers in contractual scope management of international development projects in Afghanistan. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1574–92.

Hopkin, T, Lu, S, Sexton, M and Rogers, P (2019) Learning from defects in the UK housing sector using action research. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1608–24.

Hu, W, Dong, J, Hwang, B, Ren, R and Chen, Z (2020) Network planning of urban underground logistics system with hub-and-spoke layout: two phase cluster-based approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 2079–105.

Jacob, J and Varghese, K (2018) A framework for ad hoc information management for the building design process. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(08), 1034–52.

Jacobsson, M and Merschbrock, C (2018) BIM coordinators: a review. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(08), 989–1008.

Jeelani, I, Han, K and Albert, A (2020) Development of virtual reality and stereo-panoramic environments for construction safety training. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1853–76.

Ji, Y, Qi, K, Qi, Y, Li, Y, Li, H X, Lei, Z and Liu, Y (2020) BIM-based life-cycle environmental assessment of prefabricated buildings. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1703–25.

Jin, R, Zou, Y, Gidado, K, Ashton, P and Painting, N (2019) Scientometric analysis of BIM-based research in construction engineering and management. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1750–76.

Li, H X, Ma, Z, Liu, H, Wang, J, Al-Hussein, M and Mills, A (2020) Exploring and verifying BIM-based energy simulation for building operations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1679–702.

Li, Q, Sun, Q, Tao, S and Gao, X (2019) Multi-skill project scheduling with skill evolution and cooperation effectiveness. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 2023–45.

Li, X, Li, J, Zhang, X, Gao, J and Zhang, C (2020) Simplified analysis of cable-stayed bridges with longitudinal viscous dampers. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1993–2022.

Liang, R and Chong, H (2019) A hybrid group decision model for green supplier selection: a case study of megaprojects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1712–34.

Lu, H, Qi, J, Li, J, Xie, Y, Xu, G and Wang, H (2020) Multi-agent based safety computational experiment system for shield tunneling projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1963–91.

Meng, J, Yan, J, Xue, B, Fu, J and He, N (2018) Reducing construction material cost by optimizing buy-in decision that accounts the flexibility of non-critical activities. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(08), 1092–108.

Meng, Q, Zhang, Y, Li, Z, Shi, W, Wang, J, Sun, Y, Xu, L and Wang, X (2020) A review of integrated applications of BIM and related technologies in whole building life cycle. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1647–77.

Murillo, K P, Rocha, E and Rodrigues, M F (2019) Construction sectors efficiency analysis on seven European countries. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1801–19.

Park, E, Kwon, S J and Han, J (2019) Antecedents of the adoption of building information modeling technology in Korea. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1735–49.

Rajagopalan, G (2019) Durability of alumina silicate concrete based on slag/fly ash blends against corrosion. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1641–51.

Rohani, M, Shafabakhsh, G, Haddad, A and Asnaashari, E (2018) Strategy management of construction workspaces by conflict resolution algorithm and visualization model. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(08), 1053–74.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Time-cost trade-off; Spatial conflict; Conflict resolution strategy; 5D CAD model; Workspace planning;
• ISBN/ISSN: 0969-9988
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-08-2016-0183
• Abstract:
  The spatial conflicts and congestion of construction resources are challenges that lead to the reduction in efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to enable users to detect and resolve workspace conflicts by implementing four resolution strategies in a five-dimensional (5D) CAD model. In addition to resolving conflicts, the model should be able to optimize time and cost of the projects. In other words, three variables of spatial conflicts, time and cost of project are considered simultaneously in the proposed model to find the optimum solution. In the first step, a 5D simulation model is developed that includes time, cost and geometrical information of a project. Then, time-cost trade-off analysis was carried out to distinguish optimum schedule. The schedule was imported to the 5D CAD model to detect spatial conflicts. Finally, a novel algorithm was implemented to solve identified conflicts while imposing minimum project’s time and cost. Several iterations are performed to resolve all clashes using conflict resolution algorithm and visual simulation model. The proposed methodology in this research was applied to a real case. Results showed that in comparison to the normal and initial schedule with 19 conflicts, the finalized schedule has no conflict, while time and cost of the project are both reduced. Implementing the proposed methodology in construction projects requires proper technical basis in this field. In this regard, the executive user should have a proper understanding of the principles, concepts and tools of building information modeling and have project management knowledge. Also, the implementation conditions of the basic model requires the determination of the construction methods, estimated volumes of working items, scheduling and technical specification. The designed methodology also has two limitations regarding to its implementation. The first is the fact that strategies should be applied manually to the schedule. The other one pertains to the number of strategies used in the research. Four strategies have been used in the conflict resolution algorithm directly and the two others (spatial divisibility and activities breakdown strategies) have been used as default strategies in the visual simulation model. Since the unused strategies including the changing of construction method and the activity resources are subjective and depend upon the planner and project manager’s personal opinion, the authors have avoided using them in this research. The method proposed in this research contributes the coordination of the working teams at the planning and execution phases of the project. In fact, the best location and work direction for each working team is presented as a schedule, so that the space conflict may not come about and the cost can be minimized. This visual simulation not only deepens the planners’ views about the executive barriers and the spatial conditions of the worksite, it also makes the construction engineers familiar on a daily basis with their executive scope. Therefore, it considerably improves the interactions and communication of the planning and construction teams. Another advantage and application of this methodology is the use of initial and available projects’ documents including the schedule and two-dimensional drawings. The integration of these basic documents in this methodology helps identify the spatial conflicts efficiently. To achieve this, the use of the existing and widely-used construction tools has facilitated the implementation of the methodology. Using this system, planners have applied the strategies in an order of priority and can observe the results of each strategy visually and numerically in terms of time, cost and conflicts. This methodology by providing the effective resolution strategies guides the practitioner to remove conflicts while optimum time and cost are imposed to project. Contrary to the previous models that ignore cost, the proposed model is a 5D visual simulation model, which considers the variable of cost as a main factor for conflict identification and resolution. Moreover, a forward-pass approach is introduced to implement resolution strategies that are novel compared to other investigations.

Sawan, R, Low, J F and Schiffauerova, A (2018) Quality cost of material procurement in construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(08), 974–88.

Sepasgozar, S M, Davis, S, Loosemore, M and Bernold, L (2018) An investigation of modern building equipment technology adoption in the Australian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(08), 1075–91.

Silverio-Fernandez, M A, Renukappa, S and Suresh, S (2019) Evaluating critical success factors for implementing smart devices in the construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(08), 1625–40.

Stride, M, Hon, C K, Liu, R and Xia, B (2020) The use of building information modelling by quantity surveyors in facilities management roles. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1795–812.

Tang, L, Griffith, L, Stevens, M and Hardie, M (2020) Social media analytics in the construction industry comparison study between China and the United States. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1877–89.

Wu, H, Shen, G, Lin, X, Li, M, Zhang, B and Li, C Z (2020) Screening patents of ICT in construction using deep learning and NLP techniques. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1891–912.

Xie, X, Lu, Q, Rodenas-Herraiz, D, Parlikad, A K and Schooling, J M (2020) Visualised inspection system for monitoring environmental anomalies during daily operation and maintenance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1835–52.

Xu, M, Mei, Z, Luo, S and Tan, Y (2020) Optimization algorithms for construction site layout planning: a systematic literature review. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1913–38.

Xu, W and Wang, T (2020) Dynamic safety prewarning mechanism of human–machine–environment using computer vision. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1813–33.

Xu, Z, Wang, X, Xiao, Y and Yuan, J (2020) Modeling and performance evaluation of PPP projects utilizing IFC extension and enhanced matter-element method. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1763–94.

Yuan, J, Li, X, Ke, Y, Xu, W and Xu, Z (2020) Developing a building information modeling–based performance management system for public–private partnerships. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 1727–62.

Zhang, J, Ouyang, Y, Li, H, Ballesteros-Pérez, P and Skitmore, M (2020) Simulation analysis of incentives on employees' acceptance of foreign joint venture management practices: a case study. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(08), 2047–78.