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Abadou, Y, Ghrieb, A, Bustamante, R and Faid, H (2020) Optimization by mixture design approach. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1731–47.

Addy, M N, Akunyumu, S and Simons, B (2019) Key risk factors affecting renewable energy independent power producer (IPP) set-up projects in developing countries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1340–55.

Adebisi, E O, Alao, O O and Ojo, S O (2020) Assessment of early warning signs predisposing building projects to failure in Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1403–23.

Aghimien, D O, Aigbavboa, C O and Thwala, W D (2019) Microscoping the challenges of sustainable construction in developing countries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1110–28.

Agyefi-Mensah, S, Kpamma, Z E and Hagan, D E (2020) Residential adaptations as users' tacit means of communicating spatial needs in housing design. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1593–613.

Agyekum, B, Kissi, E, Yamoah Agyemang, D and Badu, E (2018) Examining barriers for the utilization of non-traditional cost estimating models in developing countries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 814–27.

Agyekum, K, Kissi, E, Danku, J C, Ampratwum, G and Amegatsey, G S (2020) Factors driving the career progression of construction project managers. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1773–91.

Amany, A, Taghizade, K and Noorzai, E (2020) Investigating conflicts of expert contractors using the last planner system in building information modeling process. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1381–402.

Ankomah, E N, Ayarkwa, J and Agyekum, K (2020) Status of lean construction implementation among small and medium building contractors in Ghana. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 18(06), 1691–709.

Aouad, R and Amara, I (2018) Influence of the cutting condition on the wear and the surface roughness in the steel AISI 4140 with mixed ceramic and diamond tool. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 828–36.

Arefizadeh, H and Shahir, H (2020) Three-dimensional analysis of anchored wall with concrete bearing pads. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1469–86.

Asa, E, Anna, A S and Baffoe-Twum, E (2019) An investigation of mechanical behavior of concrete containing crushed waste glass. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1285–303.

Asa, E, Shrestha, M, Baffoe-Twum, E and Awuku, B (2020) Development of sustainable construction material from fly ash class C. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1615–40.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Fly ash; Carbon nanotubes; Geopolymer; Compressive and flexural strength; Slump;
• ISBN/ISSN: 1726-0531
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-06-2019-0156
• Abstract:
  Environmental issues caused by the production of Portland cement have led to it being replaced by waste materials such as fly ash, which is more economical and safer for the environment. Also, fly ash is a material with sustainable properties. Therefore, this paper aims to focus on the development of sustainable construction materials using 100% high-calcium fly ash and potassium hydroxide (KOH)-based alkaline solution and study the engineering properties of the resulting fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the geopolymer concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, curing time and slump. In phase I of the study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to determine their effect on the strength of the geopolymer mortar. The results derived from the experiments indicate that mortar and concrete made with 100% fly ash C require an alkaline solution to produce similar (comparable) strength characteristics as Portland cement concrete. However, it was determined that increasing the amount of KOH generates a considerable amount of heat causing the concrete to cure too quickly; therefore, it is notable to forming a proper bond was unable to form a stronger bond. This study also determined that the addition of CNTs to the mix makes the geopolymer concrete tougher than the traditional concrete without CNT. Tests were conducted to determine properties of the geopolymer concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, curing time and slump. In Phase I of the study, CNTs were studied to determine their effect on the strength of the geopolymer mortar. The results derived from the experiments indicate that mortar and concrete made with 100% fly ash C require an alkaline solution to produce the same strength characteristics as Portland cement concrete. However, it was determined that increasing the amount of KOH generates too much heat causing the concrete to cure too quickly; therefore, it is notable to forming a proper bond. This study also determined that the addition of CNTs to the mix makes the concrete tougher than concrete without CNT. This study was conducted at the construction engineering and management concrete laboratory at North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota. All the experiments were conducted and analyzed by the authors.

Babatunde, S O, Ekundayo, D, Adekunle, A O and Bello, W (2020) Comparative analysis of drivers to BIM adoption among AEC firms in developing countries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1425–47.

Benabdellah, A C, Benghabrit, A and Bouhaddou, I (2020) Complexity drivers in engineering design. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1663–90.

Bendak, S and Alhammadi, A A (2019) A multi-criteria decision-making approach to minimising fire risk in detached house designs. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1146–60.

Bhardwaj, A and Sharma, R K (2020) Effect of industrial wastes and lime on strength characteristics of clayey soil. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1749–72.

Bhaurkar, V P and Thakur, A G (2019) Investigation of crack in beams using anti-resonance technique and FEA approach. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1266–84.

Chen, Y and Yang, Z (2018) Validity and reliability of rating scales for subjective breathing resistance of wearing respirators. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 837–49.

Chileshe, N, Edwards, D J, Kavishe, N and Haupt, T C (2020) Perception on challenges impacting bid decision of indigenous building contractors in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1641–62.

Correia, J M, Sutrisna, M and Zaman, A U (2020) Factors influencing the implementation of off-site manufacturing in commercial projects in Western Australia. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1449–68.

De Silva, N, Rathnayake, U and Kulasekera, K (2018) Under-reporting of construction accidents in Sri Lanka. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 850–68.

Djafri, R, Mohamed Osman, M, Suzilawati Rabe, N and Shuid, S (2020) Investigating quality of life by residents of social housing in eastern Algeria: a structural equation modelling. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1907–26.

Entner, D, Prante, T, Vosgien, T, Zăvoianu, A, Saminger-Platz, S, Schwarz, M and Fink, K (2019) Potential identification and industrial evaluation of an integrated design automation workflow. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1085–109.

Erkan, I (2020) A system proposal for rapid detecting of anthropometric data and affecting design strategies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1793–822.

Feldman, G, Shah, H, Chapman, C, Pärn, E A and Edwards, D J (2017) A systematic approach for enterprise systems upgrade decision-making: Outlining the decision processes. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(06), 778-802.

Fiorineschi, L, Papini, S, Pugi, L, Rindi, A and Rotini, F (2020) Systematic design of a new gearbox for concrete mixers. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 2017–42.

Gaddala, K and Raju, P S (2020) Optimal location of UPQC for power quality improvement: novel hybrid approach. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1519–41.

Hamurcu, A, Timur, & and Rızvanoğlu, K (2020) An overview of virtual reality within industrial design education. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1889–905.

Ikediashi, D, Udo, G and Ofoegbu, M (2020) Post-occupancy evaluation of University of Uyo buildings. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1711–30.

Jahangiri, M, Haghani, A, Heidarian, S, Mostafaeipour, A, Raiesi, H A and Alidadi Shamsabadi, A (2020) Sensitivity analysis of using solar cells in regional electricity power supply of off-grid power systems in Iran. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1849–66.

Katoch, V and Mohan, S (2019) Design and fabrication of a safety frame for workers carrying out head lifting at construction sites. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1250–65.

Khalilzadeh, M, Balafshan, R and Hafezalkotob, A (2020) Multi-objective mathematical model based on fuzzy hybrid multi-criteria decision-making and FMEA approach for the risks of oil and gas projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1997–2016.

Kulkarni, S, Edwards, D J, Parn, E A, Chapman, C, Aigbavboa, C O and Cornish, R (2018) Evaluation of vehicle lightweighting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with focus on magnesium substitution. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 869–88.

Kwofie, T E, Adinyira, E and Fugar, F (2017) Theoretical and practical implications for engendering project team communication effectiveness in mass housing project delivery in Ghana. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(06), 826-44.

Matarneh, S, Danso-Amoako, M, Al-Bizri, S, Gaterell, M and Matarneh, R (2019) BIM-based facilities information: streamlining the information exchange process. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1304–22.

Moses, T, Heesom, D and Oloke, D (2020) Implementing 5D BIM on construction projects: contractor perspectives from the UK construction sector. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1867–88.

Nani, G, Mensah, I and Adjei-Kumi, T (2017) Duration estimation model for bridge construction projects in Ghana. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(06), 754-77.

Nawfal, S and Ali, F (2018) The acceleration of 3D graphics transformations based on CUDA. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 925–37.

Ndokwana, A and Fore, S (2018) Economic assessment of bioethanol production from maize in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 973–94.

Oke, A E, Ibironke, O T and Bayegun, O A (2017) Appraisal of reward packages in construction firms: A case of quantity surveying firms in Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(06), 722-37.

Oke, A E, Ogunsemi, D R and Adeyelu, M (2019) Quadrant and gap analysis of required and exhibited quantity surveyors’ competencies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1161–73.

Olawale, O A, Oyedele, L O and Owolabi, H A (2020) Construction practitioners’ perception of key drivers of reputation in mega-construction projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1571–92.

Othman, A A E and Hafez, M G (2019) A framework integrating corporate social responsibility for marketing architectural design firms in developing countries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1174–91.

Owusu-Manu, D, Edwards, D J, Kukah, A, Parn, E A, El-Gohary, H and Hosseini, M R (2018) An empirical examination of moral hazards and adverse selection on PPP projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 910–24.

Owusu-Manu, D, Edwards, D J, Mohammed, A, Thwala, W D and Birch, T (2019) Short run causal relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and infrastructure development. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1202–21.

Owusu-Manu, D, Ghansah, F A, Darko, A, Asiedu, R O and Edwards, D J (2020) Insurable and non-insurable risks in complex project deals: case of the Ghanaian construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1971–95.

Rajabion, L, Sataei Mokhtari, A, Khordehbinan, M W, Zare, M and Hassani, A (2019) The role of knowledge sharing in supply chain success. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1222–49.

Ramdav, T and Harinarain, N (2020) A strategic framework for the survival of the quantity surveying profession. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1487–518.

Rezaei, M, Mostafaeipour, A, Jafari, N, Naghdi-Khozani, N and Moftakharzadeh, A (2020) Wind and solar energy utilization for seawater desalination and hydrogen production in the coastal areas of southern Iran. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1951–69.

Riaz, Z, Parn, E A, Edwards, D J, Arslan, M, Shen, C and Pena-Mora, F (2017) BIM and sensor-based data management system for construction safety monitoring. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(06), 738-53.

Romanello, G (2018) Stability analysis of mobile cranes and determination of outriggers loading. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 938–58.

Senaratne, S, Mirza, O, Lambrousis, G and Fernandez-Soncini, A (2018) Structural applicability of steel fibre-recycled aggregate concrete in construction. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 959–72.

Shekhawat, P, Sharma, G and Singh, R M (2020) Durability analysis of eggshell powder–flyash geopolymer composite subjected to wetting–drying cycles. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 2043–60.

Simpeh, E K and Smallwood, J J (2020) An integrated model for predicting the probability of adoption of green building in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1927–50.

Srivastava, A, Srivastava, D K and Misra, A K (2019) Spatial variability modeling and reliability analysis of flexible pavement through mechanistic–empirical model. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1129–45.

Taofeeq, M D, Adeleke, A and LEE, C (2020) Government policy as a key moderator to contractors’ risk attitudes among Malaysian construction companies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1543–69.

Tengan, C, Aigbavboa, C O, Guribie, F and Annor-Asubonteng, J (2019) Analysis of the outcome features of effective monitoring and evaluation in construction project delivery. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1192–201.

Titirla, M and Aretoulis, G (2019) Neural network models for actual duration of Greek highway projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(06), 1323–39.

Witmer, A (2018) Contextual engineering assessment using an influence-identification tool. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(06), 889–909.

Yap, J B H and Lock, A (2017) Analysing the benefits, techniques, tools and challenges of knowledge management practices in the Malaysian construction SMEs. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(06), 803-25.

Yap, J B H, Lee, K Y and Skitmore, M (2020) Analysing the causes of corruption in the Malaysian construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(06), 1823–47.