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Abdul-Aziz, A, Suresh, S and Renukappa, S (2020) The conundrum of professionalising building surveying in Malaysia. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 621–34.

Aboshia, A M A, Rahmat, R A, Zain, M F M and Ismail, A (2017) Enhancing mortar strengths by ternary geopolymer binder of metakaolin, slag, and palm ash. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 438–55.

Baharudin, M R, Nasruddin, H N, Rahman, A A, Mahadi, M R and Noor, S B M (2018) Numerical model for individual time calculation for evacuation among secondary students. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 450–70.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: CVR; CVI; Evacuation time; Human characteristics; KAP; Travel distances;
  • ISBN/ISSN: 2398-4708
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-11-2017-0059
  • Abstract:
    The purpose of this paper is to design a numerical model to calculate the individual evacuation time among secondary students based on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP), human characteristics and travel distances. Design/methodology/approach Validated KAP questionnaires were distributed among 290 respondents. The KAP level was obtained based on the assigned scores. During a fire drill, the individual evacuation time was calculated by using personal digital watch while the travel distances were recorded and measured. A linear numerical model was derived by using multiple linear regression to identify the significant variables and the coefficients. Findings The CVI, CVR and Cronbach’s α value (0.75, 0.59 and 0.7, respectively) which are greater than minimum accepted level proved the reliability and consistency of the instrument. The evacuation time prediction by the developed numerical model showed strong correlation with the actual time (R=0.95). The regression analysis found that 89 per cent proportion of variance in the evacuation time are determined by the predictors. Based on the linear equation, it found that the decrease in weight, knowledge level and walking speed while increase in BMI, flat and stair travel distances could increase evacuation time. From the six significant variables, weight, walking speed, flat and stair distances showed significant correlation in the model with p<0.001, while BMI and knowledge showed p<0.05. The integration with mobility factors expand the formula which applicable within dynamic fire scenario. Research limitations/implications The involvement of examination students in the study is restricted by the Ministry of Education Malaysia to avoid interruption of learning session which limited the data representation. Originality/value Instead of using the traditional direct measurement of the evacuation time, the developed numerical model is an alternative convenient approach which could be used as one of the pre-assessment tool to identify the level of safety among students. The low cost and shorter time application of this model become one of the greatest advantages compared to other available approaches. The calculated individual evacuation time could be used directly to develop a better fire safety policy.

Chung, H C P and Adeyeye, K (2018) Structural flood damage and the efficacy of property-level flood protection. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 471–99.

Costin, G, Nakai Kidd, A, Simon, T and Edwards, D J (2019) Collaborative procurement and private-sector housebuilding and refurbishment works. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 699–717.

Esteves, I C, Medeiros-Junior, R A and Medeiros, M H (2018) NDT for bridges durability assessment on urban-industrial environment in Brazil. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 500–15.

Falorca, J F (2019) Main functions for building maintenance management: an outline application. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 490–509.

Fasna, M and Gunatilake, S (2020) Roles and functions of stakeholders in implementing energy retrofits in the hotel sector. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 737–51.

Fatayer, F A, Hassanain, M A, Abdallah, A and Al-Hammad, A (2019) Investigation of facilities management practices for providing feedback during the design development and review stages. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 597–614.

Glew, D, Smith, M B, Miles-Shenton, D and Gorse, C (2017) Assessing the quality of retrofits in solid wall dwellings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 501–18.

Hassanain, M A, Al-Zahrani, M, Abdallah, A and Sayed, A M (2019) Assessment of factors affecting maintenance cost of public school facilities. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 528–46.

Hassanain, M A, Sanni-Anibire, M O, Mahmoud, A S and Ahmed, W (2019) Post-occupancy evaluation of research and academic laboratory facilities. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 797–810.

Hauashdh, A, Jailani, J, Abdul Rahman, I and AL-fadhali, N (2020) Building maintenance practices in Malaysia: a systematic review of issues, effects and the way forward. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 653–72.

Ibbotson, K and Farrell, P (2019) The challenges of prioritising low carbon in public sector Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management (FCERM) construction. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 615–28.

Ismail, Z (2019) Developing a maintenance index framework for heritage concrete buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 510–27.

Kıran Çakır, H, Aydın, D and Arabulan, S (2020) Adaptive reuse of open spaces in historical buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 703–19.

Kaasalainen, T and Huuhka, S (2020) Existing apartment buildings as a spatial reserve for assisted living. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 753–69.

Kikwasi, G and Mbuya, E (2019) Vulnerability analysis of building structures to floods. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 629–56.

M., A (2019) An empirical study on life cycle assessment of double-glazed aluminium-clad timber windows. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 547–64.

Marzouk, M, ElSharkawy, M, Elsayed, P and Eissa, A (2020) Resolving deterioration of heritage building elements using an expert system. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 721–35.

Nieboer, N (2017) Improving energy performance of Dutch homes: coping with general investment behaviours. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 488–500.

Ojo, G K, Adeyeye, G M, Opawole, A and Kajimo-Shakantu, K (2019) Gender differences in workplace stress response strategies of quantity surveyors in Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 718–32.

Oladokun, V O, Proverbs, D G and Lamond, J (2017) Measuring flood resilience: a fuzzy logic approach. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 470–87.

Owusu-Manu, D, Edwards, D J, Donkor-Hyiaman, K A, Asiedu, R O, Hosseini, M R and Obiri-Yeboah, E (2019) Housing attributes and relative house prices in Ghana. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 733–46.

Pakkala, T A, Köliö, A, Lahdensivu, J and Pentti, M (2019) Predicted corrosion rate on outdoor exposed concrete structures. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 679–98.

Peng, Z, Deng, W and Hong, Y (2019) Materials consumption, indoor thermal comfort and associated energy flows of urban residential buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 579–96.

Pourebrahimi, M, Eghbali, S R and Pereira Roders, A (2020) Identifying building obsolescence: towards increasing buildings' service life. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 635–52.

Sanni-Anibire, M O, Hassanain, M A, Mahmoud, A S and Ahmed, W (2018) An evaluation of the functional performance of research and academic laboratories using the space syntax approach. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 516–28.

Sharifi, A A and Farahinia, A H (2020) Evaluation of the future adaptive reuse of Mashrooteh house using the adaptSTAR model. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 771–84.

Shirleyana, Hawken, S and Sunindijo, R Y (2018) City of Kampung: risk and resilience in the urban communities of Surabaya, Indonesia. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 543–68.

Sohail, M G, Salih, M, Al Nuaimi, N and Kahraman, R (2019) Corrosion performance of mild steel and epoxy coated rebar in concrete under simulated harsh environment. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 657–78.

Sundling, R, Olander, S, Wallentén, P, Burke, S, Bernardo, R and Blomsterberg, & (2019) Lifecycle profit analysis of prefabricated multi-active façades. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 565–78.

Swan, W, Fitton, R, Smith, L, Abbott, C and Smith, L (2017) Adoption of sustainable retrofit in UK social housing 2010-2015. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 456–69.

Wilkinson, S, Biloria, N and Ralph, P (2020) The technical issues associated with algae building technology. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 673–88.

Yazdani Mehr, S and Wilkinson, S (2018) Technical issues and energy efficient adaptive reuse of heritage listed city halls in Queensland Australia. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 529–42.

Yazdani Mehr, S and Wilkinson, S (2020) The importance of place and authenticity in adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 689–701.

Zhang, K (2020) Energy-saving parameterized design of buildings based on genetic algorithm. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 785–95.