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Abreu, M M d and Lordsleem Jr, A C (2019) Aluminum formwork system: loss and productivity. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(05), 616–27.

Abuzeinab, A, Arif, M, Kulonda, D J and Awuzie, B O (2016) Green business models transformation: Evidence from the UK construction sector. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(05), 478-90.

Agbesi, K, Fugar, F D and Adjei-Kumi, T (2018) Modelling the adoption of sustainable procurement in construction organisations. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 461–76.

Ahmad, T and Aibinu, A A (2017) Project delivery attributes influencing green building project outcomes: A review and future research directions. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 7(05), 471-89.

Akinradewo, O, Aigbavboa, C and Oke, A (2020) Accuracy of road construction preliminary estimate: examining the influencing factors. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(05), 657–71.

Alashwal, A M and Chew, M Y (2017) Simulation techniques for cost management and performance in construction projects in Malaysia. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 7(05), 534-45.

Almarri, K and Boussabaine, H (2017) Interdependency of the critical success factors and ex-post performance indicators of PPP projects. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 7(05), 546-56.

Alshihre, F, Chinyio, E, Nzekwe-Excel, C and Daniel, E I (2020) Improving clients’ satisfaction in construction projects: the case of Saudi Arabia. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(05), 709–23.

Assaf, S, Hassanain, M A, Abdallah, A, Sayed, A M and Alshahrani, A (2019) Significant causes of claims and disputes in construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(05), 597–615.

Bandara, C, Dissanayake, D, Karunasena, G and Madhusanka, N (2018) Mitigation of challenges in sustaining green certification in the Sri Lankan hotel sector. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 515–27.

Blay, K B, Tuuli, M M and France-Mensah, J (2019) Managing change in BIM-Level 2 projects: benefits, challenges, and opportunities. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(05), 581–96.

Cheng, J C P and Venkataraman, V (2016) Analyzing relationships between project team compositions and green building certification in green building projects. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(05), 449-61.

Crippa, J, Boeing, L C, Caparelli, A P A, da Costa, M d R d M M, Scheer, S, Araujo, A M F and Bem, D (2018) A BIM–LCA integration technique to embodied carbon estimation applied on wall systems in Brazil. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 491–503.

Dolla, T and Laishram, B S (2018) Procurement of low carbon municipal solid waste infrastructure in India through public-private partnerships. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 449–60.

Ekanayake, E M A C and Sandanayake, Y G (2017) LIVE approach: Lean integrated value engineering for construction industry. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 7(05), 518-33.

Ekanayake, E M K and Perera, B A K S (2016) Appropriate delay analysis techniques to analyse delays in road construction projects in Sri Lanka. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(05), 521-34.

Hu, W and Panthi, K (2020) Project status reporting system for pipeline relocation programs. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(05), 693–708.

Ismail, S, Musawa, M S and Ahmad, H (2019) Transparency of public private partnership (PPP): the extent of mandatory information disclosure. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(05), 655–68.

Juan, C and Olmos, F (2019) Public–private equity joint ventures and risk transfers in motorways of the sea. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(05), 669–82.

Kwofie, T E, Ohis Aigbavboa, C and Thwala, W D (2019) Communication performance challenges in PPP projects: cases of Ghana and South Africa. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(05), 628–41.

Leo-Olagbaye, F and Odeyinka, H A (2020) An assessment of risk impact on road projects in Osun State, Nigeria. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(05), 673–91.

Liyanage, C, Dias, N, Amaratunga, D and Haigh, R (2017) Current context of transport sector in south Asia: Recommendations towards a sustainable transportation system. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 7(05), 490-505.

Mallawaarachchi, H, De Silva, L and Rameezdeen, R (2016) Indoor environmental quality and occupants’ productivity: Suggestions to enhance national green certification criteria. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(05), 462-77.

Medimagh, S and Triki, A (2019) The PPP performance based on the co-creation with customers. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(05), 642–54.

Oshodi, O S, Awuzie, B O, Akotia, J, Ademiloye, A S and Ngowi, A (2020) A bibliometric analysis of recycled concrete research (1978–2019). Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(05), 725–36.

Pérez, C T and Costa, D (2018) Developing a taxonomy of transportation waste in construction production processes. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 434–48.

Pantzartzis, E, Deka, L, Price, A D F, Tann, C, Mills, G R W and Rich-Mahadkar, S (2016) Sustainable management of NHS assets backlog maintenance. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(05), 535-52.

Patil, N A and Laishram, B S (2016) Sustainability of Indian PPP procurement process: Development of strategies for enhancement. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(05), 491-507.

Ranawaka, I and Mallawaarachchi, H (2018) A risk-responsive framework for green retrofit projects in Sri Lanka. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 477–90.

Samaraweera, A, Senaratne, S and Sandanayake, Y (2018) Nature of construction project cultures in the public sector: case studies in Sri Lanka. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 557–68.

Victoria, M F and Perera, S (2018) Managing embodied carbon in buildings: a Pareto approach. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 504–14.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Embodied carbon; Office buildings; Building elements; Carbon hotspot; Carbon hotspot probability; Pareto principle;
• ISBN/ISSN: 2044-124X
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-10-2017-0095
• Abstract:
  The purpose of this paper is to identify the carbon intensive building elements or “carbon hotspots” of office buildings in order to maximise the carbon reduction potential during design stages. Embodied carbon (EC) estimates of 28 office buildings in the UK were obtained and carbon hotspots of the sample (in accordance with the new rules of measurement (NRM) element classification) were identified using the 80:20 Pareto principle. Frame, substructure, external walls, services and upper floors were identified as carbon hotspots of the selected sample. However, findings do not support the 80:20 ratio in this case but propose a ratio of 80:36. Stairs, internal walls and partitions, internal doors, wall finishes, ceiling finishes and fittings and furnishings were identified as carbon insignificant elements that have a lower EC reduction potential compared to the rest. The findings are applicable to office buildings in the UK but the methodology is adaptable to different types of buildings in other countries. Findings unveil carbon intensive and carbon insignificant building elements of typical office buildings in the UK. This informs designers of the elements that could yield the highest potential EC savings via effective design choices. In addition, a logical design timeline is proposed for building elements based on their element hotspot category and design sequence to assist design decision making.

Victoria, M F, Perera, S, Davies, A and Fernando, N (2017) Carbon and cost critical elements: A comparative analysis of two office buildings. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 7(05), 460-70.

Waidyasekara, K G A S, De Silva, L and Rameezdeen, R (2016) Water use efficiency and conservation during construction: Drivers, barriers and practices. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(05), 553-66.

Weerasinghe, A S and Ramachandra, T (2018) Economic sustainability of green buildings: a comparative analysis of green vs non-green. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 528–43.

Yumarni, T and Amaratunga, D (2018) Gender mainstreaming as a strategy to achieve sustainable post-disaster reconstruction. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 8(05), 544–56.

Zamenian, H, Choi, J, Sadeghi, S A and Naderpajouh, N (2017) Systematic approach for asset management of urban water pipeline infrastructure systems. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 7(05), 506-17.

Zanni, M, Ruikar, K and Soetanto, R (2020) Systematising multidisciplinary sustainable building design processes utilising BIM. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(05), 637–55.

Zin, Z M I, Kulatunga, U and Thayaparan, M (2016) Malaysian experience with public-private partnership: Managing unsolicited proposal. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(05), 508-20.