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Adeyeye, K and Emmitt, S (2017) Multi-scale, integrated strategies for urban flood resilience. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 494-520.

Ahmed, I (2016) Housing and resilience: case studies from the Cook Islands. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 489-500.

Ali, R A, Mannakkara, S and Wilkinson, S (2020) Factors affecting successful transition between post-disaster recovery phases: a case study of 2010 floods in Sindh, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 597–614.

Baroudi, B and Rapp, R (2016) Disaster restoration project management: leadership education and methods. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 434-43.

Choi, C Y and Honda, R (2019) Motive and conflict in the disaster recovery process. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 408–19.

Durage, S W, Wirasinghe, S C and Ruwanpura, J Y (2017) Tornado mitigation network analysis and simulation. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 478-93.

Feofilovs, M, Romagnoli, F, Gotangco, C K, Josol, J C, Jardeleza, J M P, Litam, J E, Campos, J I and Abenojar, K (2020) Assessing resilience against floods with a system dynamics approach: a comparative study of two models. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 615–29.

Firouzi Jahantigh, F and Jannat, F (2019) Analyzing the sequence and interrelations of Natech disasters in Urban areas using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 392–407.

Ganguly, K K, Padhy, R K and Rai, S S (2017) Managing the humanitarian supply chain: a fuzzy logic approach. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 521-36.

Harisuthan, S, Hasalanka, H, Kularatne, D and Siriwardana, C (2020) Applicability of the PTVA-4 model to evaluate the structural vulnerability of hospitals in Sri Lanka against tsunami. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 581–96.

Huong, H T L and Dzung, L H (2020) Criteria for flood warning levels in Vietnam. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 645–58.

Ismail, F Z, Halog, A and Smith, C (2017) How sustainable is disaster resilience? An overview of sustainable construction approach in post-disaster housing reconstruction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 555-72.

Kashem, S B (2019) Housing practices and livelihood challenges in the hazard-prone contested spaces of rural Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 420–34.

Kimura, N, Tai, A and Hashimoto, A (2017) Flood caused by driftwood accumulation at a bridge. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 466-77.

Kuittinen, M (2016) Does the use of recycled concrete lower the carbon footprint in humanitarian construction?. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 472-88.

Low, S P, Gao, S and Wong, G Q E (2017) Resilience of hospital facilities in Singapore’s healthcare industry: a pilot study. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 537-54.

Maal, M and Wilson-North, M (2019) Social media in crisis communication – the “do’s” and “don’ts”. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 379–91.

Mandal, S, Sarathy, R, Korasiga, V R, Bhattacharya, S and Dastidar, S G (2016) Achieving supply chain resilience: The contribution of logistics and supply chain capabilities. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 544-62.

Mukhopadhyay, S, Halligan, J and Hastak, M (2016) Assessment of major causes: nuclear power plant disasters since 1950. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 521-43.

Naja, M K and Baytiyeh, H (2016) Risk assessment of high schools in Lebanon for potential terrorist threat. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 460-71.

Oloo, J O and Omondi, P (2017) Strengthening local institutions as avenues for climate change resilience. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 573-88.

Ongkowijoyo, C S, Doloi, H and Mills, A (2019) Participatory-based risk impact propagation and interaction pattern analysis using social network analysis. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 363–78.

Pamungkas, A and Purwitaningsih, S (2019) Green and grey infrastructures approaches in flood reduction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 343–62.

Rafi, M M, Lodi, S H, Ahmed, M, Kumar, A and Verjee, F (2016) Development of building inventory for northern Pakistan for seismic risk reduction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 501-20.

Rautela, P, Joshi, G C and Ghildiyal, S (2019) Economics of seismic safety for earthquake-prone Himalayan province of Uttarakhand in India. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 317–42.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: Uttarakhand; Damageability; Lifeline buildings; Rapid visual screening (RVS); Seismic gap; Seismic vulnerability; Earthquake; Himalaya;
  • ISBN/ISSN: 1759-5908
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-02-2019-0007
  • Abstract:
    The purpose of this study is to estimate the cost of seismic resilience of identified vulnerable lifeline public buildings in earthquake-prone Himalayan province of Uttarakhand in India. Design/methodology/approach Built area of the identified vulnerable lifeline buildings together with prevalent rate of construction has been considered for assessing the cost of seismic resilience while improvised rapid visual screening (RVS) technique, better suited to the built environment in the region, has been used for assessing seismic vulnerability. Findings Investment of US$250.08m is assessed as being required for ensuring seismic safety of 56.3, 62.1, 52.9, 64.6, 71.9 and 61.7% surveyed buildings, respectively, of fire and emergency services, police, health, education, local administration and other departments that are to become non-functional after an earthquake and result in a major socio-political turmoil. A total amount of US$467.71m is estimated as being required for making all the buildings of these departments seismically resilient. Research limitations/implications Actual investment estimates and reconstruction/retrofitting plans have to be prepared after detailed investigations as RVS technique only provides a preliminary estimate and helps in prioritising buildings for detailed investigations. Practical implications This study is intended to provide a snapshot of the state of seismic vulnerability together with the financial resources required for corrective measures. This is to help the authorities in planning phased mobilisation of financial and technical resources for making the built environment seismically resilient. Social implications This study is to bring forth awareness on this important issue and consequent public opinion in favour of safety of public facilities to ensure allocation of appropriate financial resources together with changes in techno-legal regime for the cause of earthquake safety. At the same time, this study is to motivate masses to voluntarily assess safety of their neighbourhood and undertake corrective measures. Originality/value This study is based on primary data collected by the authors.

Shahin, M, Billah, M, Islam, M M, Parvez, A and Zaman, A M (2020) Cyclone shelters need sustainable development. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 659–78.

Subedi, J, Ghimire, R M, Neupane, R P and Amatya, S (2016) Cost difference of buildings in Kathmandu constructed with and without earthquake safer features. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 444-59.

Tasantab, J C, Gajendran, T, von Meding, J and Maund, K (2020) Perceptions and deeply held beliefs about responsibility for flood risk adaptation in Accra Ghana. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 631–44.