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Adeyeye, K and Emmitt, S (2017) Multi-scale, integrated strategies for urban flood resilience. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 494-520.
Ahmed, I (2016) Housing and resilience: case studies from the Cook Islands. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 489-500.
Ali, R A, Mannakkara, S and Wilkinson, S (2020) Factors affecting successful transition between post-disaster recovery phases: a case study of 2010 floods in Sindh, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 597–614.
Baroudi, B and Rapp, R (2016) Disaster restoration project management: leadership education and methods. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 434-43.
Choi, C Y and Honda, R (2019) Motive and conflict in the disaster recovery process. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 408–19.
Durage, S W, Wirasinghe, S C and Ruwanpura, J Y (2017) Tornado mitigation network analysis and simulation. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 478-93.
Feofilovs, M, Romagnoli, F, Gotangco, C K, Josol, J C, Jardeleza, J M P, Litam, J E, Campos, J I and Abenojar, K (2020) Assessing resilience against floods with a system dynamics approach: a comparative study of two models. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 615–29.
Firouzi Jahantigh, F and Jannat, F (2019) Analyzing the sequence and interrelations of Natech disasters in Urban areas using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 392–407.
Ganguly, K K, Padhy, R K and Rai, S S (2017) Managing the humanitarian supply chain: a fuzzy logic approach. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 521-36.
Harisuthan, S, Hasalanka, H, Kularatne, D and Siriwardana, C (2020) Applicability of the PTVA-4 model to evaluate the structural vulnerability of hospitals in Sri Lanka against tsunami. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 581–96.
Huong, H T L and Dzung, L H (2020) Criteria for flood warning levels in Vietnam. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 645–58.
Ismail, F Z, Halog, A and Smith, C (2017) How sustainable is disaster resilience? An overview of sustainable construction approach in post-disaster housing reconstruction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 555-72.
Kashem, S B (2019) Housing practices and livelihood challenges in the hazard-prone contested spaces of rural Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 420–34.
Kimura, N, Tai, A and Hashimoto, A (2017) Flood caused by driftwood accumulation at a bridge. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 466-77.
Kuittinen, M (2016) Does the use of recycled concrete lower the carbon footprint in humanitarian construction?. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 472-88.
Low, S P, Gao, S and Wong, G Q E (2017) Resilience of hospital facilities in Singapore’s healthcare industry: a pilot study. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 537-54.
Maal, M and Wilson-North, M (2019) Social media in crisis communication – the “do’s” and “don’ts”. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 379–91.
Mandal, S, Sarathy, R, Korasiga, V R, Bhattacharya, S and Dastidar, S G (2016) Achieving supply chain resilience: The contribution of logistics and supply chain capabilities. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 544-62.
Mukhopadhyay, S, Halligan, J and Hastak, M (2016) Assessment of major causes: nuclear power plant disasters since 1950. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 521-43.
Naja, M K and Baytiyeh, H (2016) Risk assessment of high schools in Lebanon for potential terrorist threat. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 460-71.
Oloo, J O and Omondi, P (2017) Strengthening local institutions as avenues for climate change resilience. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 573-88.
Ongkowijoyo, C S, Doloi, H and Mills, A (2019) Participatory-based risk impact propagation and interaction pattern analysis using social network analysis. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 363–78.
Pamungkas, A and Purwitaningsih, S (2019) Green and grey infrastructures approaches in flood reduction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 343–62.
Rafi, M M, Lodi, S H, Ahmed, M, Kumar, A and Verjee, F (2016) Development of building inventory for northern Pakistan for seismic risk reduction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 501-20.
- Type: Journal Article
- Keywords: reinforced concrete; building typology; confined masonry; masonry structures; seismic risk; thatched roof
- ISBN/ISSN:
- URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-05-2015-0028
- Abstract:
Purpose This paper aims to present the studies which were carried out to determine building typology in Northern Pakistan, which is a seismically active region. Design/methodology/approach A total of 41 towns and cities were surveyed to collect the data of building types. Help was also taken from global positioning system and satellite imagery. Findings In total, 14 different types of buildings were identified in the region based on the structural system and combination of wall and roof materials; each of them was assigned an appropriate designation. The walls in these buildings were made of block, stone or brick, whereas the roof consisted of corrugated galvanised iron sheet, thatched roof, precast concrete planks or reinforced concrete (RC). Only 6 per cent buildings were found to be engineered RC buildings; this indicates a significance proportion of non-engineered building stock in Northern Pakistan. Research limitations/implications The surveys were conducted in some of the selected areas. Other areas are beyond the scope of this work. Practical implications The presence of a huge deficient building stock in Pakistan indicates a major seismic risk. The seismic losses are largely dependent on the earthquake resistance of existing buildings and building stock. An inventory of existing buildings and their types can help in assessing seismic vulnerability of the built environment, which may lead to the development of policies for seismic risk reduction. Originality/value Presently, housing encyclopaedia does not exist in Pakistan. As a result, housing typology in the country is not known. The presented study addresses this gap in part. Housing typology surveys were conducted to study the typical construction practices in the selected areas and to determine the proportions of different building types in the overall building stock.
Rautela, P, Joshi, G C and Ghildiyal, S (2019) Economics of seismic safety for earthquake-prone Himalayan province of Uttarakhand in India. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 317–42.
Shahin, M, Billah, M, Islam, M M, Parvez, A and Zaman, A M (2020) Cyclone shelters need sustainable development. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 659–78.
Subedi, J, Ghimire, R M, Neupane, R P and Amatya, S (2016) Cost difference of buildings in Kathmandu constructed with and without earthquake safer features. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 444-59.
Tasantab, J C, Gajendran, T, von Meding, J and Maund, K (2020) Perceptions and deeply held beliefs about responsibility for flood risk adaptation in Accra Ghana. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 631–44.