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Adeyeye, K and Emmitt, S (2017) Multi-scale, integrated strategies for urban flood resilience. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 494-520.
Ahmed, I (2016) Housing and resilience: case studies from the Cook Islands. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 489-500.
Ali, R A, Mannakkara, S and Wilkinson, S (2020) Factors affecting successful transition between post-disaster recovery phases: a case study of 2010 floods in Sindh, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 597–614.
Baroudi, B and Rapp, R (2016) Disaster restoration project management: leadership education and methods. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 434-43.
Choi, C Y and Honda, R (2019) Motive and conflict in the disaster recovery process. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 408–19.
Durage, S W, Wirasinghe, S C and Ruwanpura, J Y (2017) Tornado mitigation network analysis and simulation. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 478-93.
Feofilovs, M, Romagnoli, F, Gotangco, C K, Josol, J C, Jardeleza, J M P, Litam, J E, Campos, J I and Abenojar, K (2020) Assessing resilience against floods with a system dynamics approach: a comparative study of two models. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 615–29.
Firouzi Jahantigh, F and Jannat, F (2019) Analyzing the sequence and interrelations of Natech disasters in Urban areas using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 392–407.
Ganguly, K K, Padhy, R K and Rai, S S (2017) Managing the humanitarian supply chain: a fuzzy logic approach. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 521-36.
Harisuthan, S, Hasalanka, H, Kularatne, D and Siriwardana, C (2020) Applicability of the PTVA-4 model to evaluate the structural vulnerability of hospitals in Sri Lanka against tsunami. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 581–96.
Huong, H T L and Dzung, L H (2020) Criteria for flood warning levels in Vietnam. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 645–58.
Ismail, F Z, Halog, A and Smith, C (2017) How sustainable is disaster resilience? An overview of sustainable construction approach in post-disaster housing reconstruction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 555-72.
Kashem, S B (2019) Housing practices and livelihood challenges in the hazard-prone contested spaces of rural Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 420–34.
Kimura, N, Tai, A and Hashimoto, A (2017) Flood caused by driftwood accumulation at a bridge. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 466-77.
Kuittinen, M (2016) Does the use of recycled concrete lower the carbon footprint in humanitarian construction?. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 472-88.
Low, S P, Gao, S and Wong, G Q E (2017) Resilience of hospital facilities in Singapore’s healthcare industry: a pilot study. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 537-54.
Maal, M and Wilson-North, M (2019) Social media in crisis communication – the “do’s” and “don’ts”. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 379–91.
Mandal, S, Sarathy, R, Korasiga, V R, Bhattacharya, S and Dastidar, S G (2016) Achieving supply chain resilience: The contribution of logistics and supply chain capabilities. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 544-62.
Mukhopadhyay, S, Halligan, J and Hastak, M (2016) Assessment of major causes: nuclear power plant disasters since 1950. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 521-43.
Naja, M K and Baytiyeh, H (2016) Risk assessment of high schools in Lebanon for potential terrorist threat. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 460-71.
- Type: Journal Article
- Keywords: risk reduction; vulnerability; disaster mitigation; social impact; manmade disasters; vulnerable groups
- ISBN/ISSN:
- URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-07-2015-0037
- Abstract:
Purpose Terrorist attacks on schools and colleges have disrupted educational processes and caused fear, deaths and tragedies. Considering the recent increase in terrorist attacks on educational facilities in different parts of the world, vulnerability and risk assessments have assumed crucial importance in the design and evaluation of mitigation plans to reduce the traumatic impacts of such events. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability and risk of Lebanese high school assets to terrorism. Design/methodology/approach Through site visits to various high schools in Lebanon, the authors evaluated specific features common in the majority of Lebanese high schools and identified six categories of schools. Using Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA 428) guidelines, one high school from each category was surveyed and analysed. Findings The results reveal a relatively high vulnerability to and risk of the threat of terrorism and a lack of protective plans and mitigation measures to minimise this risk among the majority of the investigated high school facilities. Originality/value This paper should alert school administrators, public leaders and government officials regarding the terrorist threats and their subsequent effects on the structural safety of school buildings in Lebanon. The risk assessment of schools to terrorism has rarely been performed or even discussed in the Lebanese-related literature.
Oloo, J O and Omondi, P (2017) Strengthening local institutions as avenues for climate change resilience. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(05), 573-88.
Ongkowijoyo, C S, Doloi, H and Mills, A (2019) Participatory-based risk impact propagation and interaction pattern analysis using social network analysis. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 363–78.
Pamungkas, A and Purwitaningsih, S (2019) Green and grey infrastructures approaches in flood reduction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 343–62.
Rafi, M M, Lodi, S H, Ahmed, M, Kumar, A and Verjee, F (2016) Development of building inventory for northern Pakistan for seismic risk reduction. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 501-20.
Rautela, P, Joshi, G C and Ghildiyal, S (2019) Economics of seismic safety for earthquake-prone Himalayan province of Uttarakhand in India. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(05), 317–42.
Shahin, M, Billah, M, Islam, M M, Parvez, A and Zaman, A M (2020) Cyclone shelters need sustainable development. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 659–78.
Subedi, J, Ghimire, R M, Neupane, R P and Amatya, S (2016) Cost difference of buildings in Kathmandu constructed with and without earthquake safer features. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(05), 444-59.
Tasantab, J C, Gajendran, T, von Meding, J and Maund, K (2020) Perceptions and deeply held beliefs about responsibility for flood risk adaptation in Accra Ghana. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(05), 631–44.