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Agumba, J N and Haupt, T C (2014) The implementation of health and safety practices: Do demographic attributes matter?. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 530-50.

Ajayi, S O, Jones, W and Unuigbe, M (2019) Occupational stress management for UK construction professionals. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(04), 819–32.

Aliu, J and Aigbavboa, C O (2019) Employers’ perception of employability skills among built-environment graduates. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 847–64.

Alqahtani, A and Whyte, A (2016) Evaluation of non-cost factors affecting the life cycle cost: an exploratory study. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 818-34.

Alves, S and English, J (2018) Female students’ preparedness for a male-dominated workplace. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 581–95.

Aravindraj, S and Vinodh, S (2014) Forty criteria based agility assessment using scoring approach in an Indian relays manufacturing organization. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 507-18.

Arjun, R A S and Vinodh, S (2016) A case study on application of ORESTE for agile concept selection. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 781-801.

Asad, M M, Hassan, R B, Sherwani, F, Aamir, M, Soomro, Q M and Sohu, S (2019) Design and development of a novel knowledge-based decision support system for industrial safety management at drilling process. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(04), 705–18.

Ashuri, B, Wang, J, Shahandashti, M and Baek, M (2019) A data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for building energy benchmarking. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(04), 747–68.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Benchmarking; Building energy; Peer-to-peer comparison;
• ISBN/ISSN: 1726-0531
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-08-2018-0127
• Abstract:
  Building energy benchmarking is required for adopting an energy certification scheme, promoting energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption. It demonstrates the current level of energy consumption, the value of potential energy improvement and the prospects for additional savings. This paper aims to create a new data envelopment analysis (DEA) model that overcomes the limitations of existing models for building energy benchmarking. Data preparation: the findings of the literature search and subject matter experts’ inputs are used to construct the DEA model. Particularly, it is ensured that the included variables would not violate the fundamental assumption of DEA modeling, DEA convexity axiom. New DEA formulation: controllable and non-controllable variables, e.g. weather conditions, are differentiated in the new formulation. A new approach is used to identify outliers to avoid skewing the efficiency scores for the rest of the buildings under consideration. Efficiency analysis: three distinct efficiencies are computed and analyzed in benchmarking building energy: overall, pure technical, and scale efficiency. The proposed DEA approach is successfully applied to a data set provided by a utility management and energy services company that is active in the multifamily housing industry. Building characteristics and energy consumption of 124 multifamily properties in 15 different states in the USA are found in the data set. Buildings in this data set are benchmarked using the new DEA energy benchmarking formulation. Building energy benchmarking is also conducted in a time series manner showing how a particular building performs across the period of 12 months compared with its peers. The proposed research contributes to the body of knowledge in building energy benchmarking through developing a new outlier detection method to mitigate the impact of super-efficient and super-inefficient buildings on skewing the efficiency scores of the other buildings; avoiding ratio variables in the DEA formulation to adhere to the convexity assumption that existing DEA methods do not follow; and distinguishing between controllable and non-controllable variables in the DEA formulation. This research contributes to the state of practice through providing a new energy benchmarking tool for facility managers and building owners that strive to relatively rank the energy-efficiency of their properties and identify low-performing properties as investment targets to enhance energy efficiency.

Azman, M A (2016) Bidding competitiveness: a comparative analysis of different bid auctions in Malaysia. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 678-98.

Babatunde, S O, Adeniyi, O and Awodele, O A (2017) Investigation into the causes of delay in land acquisition for PPP projects in developing countries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(04), 552-70.

Bajjou, M S and Chafi, A (2018) Lean construction implementation in the Moroccan construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 533–56.

Bala, K, Bustani, S A and Waziri, B S (2014) A computer-based cost prediction model for institutional building projects in Nigeria: An artificial neural network approach. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 519-30.

Baldissera, P and Delprete, C (2020) From PBL to innovation: a decennial case-study from an HPV student team. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 773–86.

Dandan, T H, Sweis, G, Sukkari, L S and Sweis, R J (2019) Factors affecting the accuracy of cost estimate during various design stages. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 787–819.

De Silva, N, Samanmali, R and De Silva, H L (2017) Managing occupational stress of professionals in large construction projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(04), 488-504.

de Souza-Daw, T, Ross, R, Nhan, T D, Hung, L A, Trung, N D Q, Chau, L H, Phuong, H M, Ngoc, L H and Nkhoma, M (2015) Design and evaluation of a low-cost street-level image capturing vehicle for south-east Asia. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(04), 579-95.

Deng, Y and Poon, S W (2014) Mega-event flagships in transformation: learning from Expo 2010 Shanghai China. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 440-60.

Ding, Z, Jiang, S, Ng, F and Zhu, M (2017) A new TRIZ-based patent knowledge management system for construction technology innovation. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(04), 456-70.

Doorsamy, W and Padayachee, K (2019) Conceptualising the knower for a new engineering technology curriculum. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(04), 808–18.

Dundu, M (2014) Effect of defects on the strength of welds. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 410-22.

Fapohunda, J A and Chileshe, N (2014) Essential factors towards optimal utilisation of construction resources. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 461-74.

Fiorineschi, L (2018) Abstraction framework to support students in learning creative conceptual design. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 616–36.

Folagbade, S O and Newlands, D M (2014) Suitability of cement combinations for carbonation resistance of structural concrete. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 423-39.

Fouchal, F, Hassan, T M and Loveday, D L (2014) Design methodology for integrating multipath systems (building services). Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 491-506.

Fuentes-Del-Burgo, J and Navarro-Astor, E (2016) What is engineering education for? Listening to the voices of some Spanish building engineers. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 897-919.

Gelaw, M, Ramulu, P J, Hailu, D and Desta, T (2018) Manufacturing and mechanical characterization of square bar made of aluminium scraps through friction stir back extrusion process. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 596–615.

Gharehbaghi, K, McManus, K and Robson, K (2019) Minimizing the environmental impacts of mega infrastructure projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(04), 736–46.

Ghodki, M K, Swarup, A and Pal, Y (2019) A new IR and sprinkler based embedded controller directed robotic arm for automatic cleaning of solar panel. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 905–21.

Goswami, M, Singh, J and Kumar, V (2016) An enterprise based decision support system for engineering aggregate selection: a case study. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 851-73.

Greenhalgh, S (2016) The effects of 3D printing in design thinking and design education. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 752-69.

Hassan, O A B (2016) An integrated approach to assessing the sustainability of buildings. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 835-50.

Hassan, O A B (2017) Practical expressions to calculate the main vertical actions on load-bearing columns/walls to Eurocode. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(04), 418-35.

Jagtap, P R and Pore, S M (2019) Effectiveness of CFRP composites on compression flange of structural I-beam. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(04), 782–92.

Kamal, P and Ahuja, S (2019) An ensemble-based model for prediction of academic performance of students in undergrad professional course. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(04), 769–81.

Kumar, S (2016) Assessment and selection of psychological attributes: design team perspectives. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 874-96.

Kwofie, T E, Aigbavboa, C O and Mpambela, J S (2018) Improving continuing professional development compliance among construction professionals through integrated strategies in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 637–53.

Lasebikan, B A, Akisanya, A R and Deans, W F (2015) Autoclave design for high pressure-high temperature corrosion studies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(04), 539-55.

Louw, M P (2016) The adaptive reuse of industrial structures: Revisiting the Thesen Islands power station project in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 920-40.

Madhubhashana, H S A, Perera, B and Perera, C S R (2019) Post-tensioned concreting: its suitability for and acceptability in Sri Lanka. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(04), 719–35.

Manamgoda, M G N, Perera, B and Perera, C S R (2018) Impact of interest rates of bank loans on road construction: the case of Sri Lanka. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 518–32.

Matsebe, O, Mpofu, K, Agee, J T and Ayodeji, S P (2015) Corner features extraction: underwater SLAM in structured environments. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(04), 556-69.

Mbachu, J, Egbelakin, T, Rasheed, E O and Shahzad, W M (2017) Influence of key role players on productivity outcomes in the residential building lifecycle. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(04), 528-51.

Mostafaeipour, A, Sadeghi, S, Jahangiri, M, Nematollahi, O and Rezaeian Sabbagh, A (2019) Investigation of accurate location planning for wind farm establishment: a case study. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 821–45.

Mungodla, S G, Linganiso, L Z, Mlambo, S and Motaung, T (2019) Economic and technical feasibility studies: technologies for second generation biofuels. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(04), 670–704.

Noorzai, E and Golabchi, M (2020) Selecting a proper construction system in small and medium mass housing projects, considering success criteria and construction volume and height. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 883–903.

Owusu-Manu, D-G, John, E D, Adesi, M, Badu, E and Love, P E D (2016) Attaining fairness in construction cost consultancy pricing services: A case study in Ghana. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 699-712.

Owusu-Manu, D, Quaigrain, R and Edwards, D J (2015) Barriers constraining management innovation (MI) adoption in the Ghanaian construction consulting sector: A case study. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(04), 612-31.

Oyewobi, L O, Windapo, A and Rotimi, J O B (2016) Relationship between decision-making style, competitive strategies and organisational performance among construction organisations. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 713-38.

Saka, A B, Olaore, F O and Olawumi, T O (2019) Post-contract material management and waste minimization. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(04), 793–807.

Sakpere, W E, Mlitwa, N B W and Oshin, M A (2017) Towards an efficient indoor navigation system: a near field communication approach. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(04), 505-27.

Salcedo, R T B and Straub, A (2016) The role of the architect using integrated contracts for social housing renovation projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 802-17.

Savolainen, J M, Saari, A, Männistö, A and Kähkonen, K (2018) Indicators of collaborative design management in construction projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 674–91.

Sharma, D K, Kaushik, B K and Sharma, R K (2014) Impact of driver size and interwire parasitics on crosstalk noise and delay. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 475-90.

Shirzad Talatappeh, S and Lakzi, A (2019) Developing a model for investigating the impact of cloud-based systems on green supply chain management. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 741–60.

Sibanda, M and van Zyl, R R (2016) Practical electromagnetic compatibility studies of a CubeSat. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 770-80.

Tangwe, S L, Simon, M and Meyer, E L (2016) Design of a heat pump water heater performance monitoring system: To determine performance of a split type system. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(04), 739-51.

Tucker, G C, Windapo, A and Cattell, K S (2015) Exploring the use of financial capacity as a predictor of construction company corporate performance: Evidence from South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(04), 596-611.

Ulubeyli, S, Kazaz, A and Sahin, S (2018) Survival of construction SMEs in macroeconomic crises. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 654–73.

Umeokafor, N (2017) An appraisal of the barriers to client involvement in health and safety in Nigeria’s construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(04), 471-87.

Umeokafor, N and Windapo, A (2018) Challenges to and opportunities for establishing a qualitative approach to Built Environment research in higher education institutions. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(04), 557–80.

Usmani, A R A, Elshafey, A, Gheisari, M, Chai, C, Aminudin, E B and Tan, C S (2019) A scan to as-built building information modeling workflow: a case study in Malaysia. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 923–40.

Venter, I M, Blignaut, R J and Renaud, K (2014) Uniformity in the midst of diversity. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(04), 550-62.

Wang, H, Guo, T and Sun, H (2020) Bond–slip constitutive relation of mortar anchor under different loading rates. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 761–72.

Waziri, N H, Usman, A M and Enaburekhan, J S (2015) Optimum temperature and solar radiation periods for Kano using flat plate collector. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(04), 570-8.

Williams, J, Fugar, F and Adinyira, E (2019) Assessment of health and safety culture maturity in the construction industry in developing economies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(04), 865–81.

Ying, J F, Tookey, J and Roberti, J (2015) SCM competencies in construction: issues and challenges in New Zealand. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(04), 522-38.

Yousefi, Y, Jahangiri, M, Alidadi Shamsabadi, A and Raeesi Dehkordi, A (2019) Designing a mediator space and the study of its effect on the energy consumption of a residential building using EnergyPlus software in Savadkuh, Iran. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(04), 833–46.

Yusof, N A, Lai, K S and Mustafa, K E (2017) Characteristics of innovation orientations in construction companies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(04), 436-55.