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Abadou, Y, Kettab, R and Ghreib, A (2018) Experimental investigation on the carbonation properties of dune sand ceramic waste mortar. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 501–16.

Abdul-Aziz, A R, Jaafar, M, Enshassi, A and Mohamed-Salleh, M N (2008) Does vocational training meet the construction industry needs in Malaysia?: Feedback from ex-trainees of the basic electrical wiring course from one training institution. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 6(03), 258–68.

Abdulaziz, M J (2010) Buildability factors influencing formwork labour productivity of isolated foundations. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(03), 274–95.

Adamtey, S and Onsarigo, L (2018) Analysis of pipe-bursting construction risks using probability-impact model. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 461–77.

Adewunmi, O A, Ibem, E and Amole, D (2014) Satisfaction of first-time residential clients with architectural services. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(03), 316-35.

Adeyemi, H O, Adejuyigbe, S B, Ismaila, S O and Adekoya, A F (2015) Low back pain assessment application for construction workers. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 419-34.

Afeez, A, Sanjay and Kumar, A (2013) Application of CAD and reverse engineering methodology for development of complex assemblies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 11(03), 375-90.

Al Nasseri, H A, Widen, K and Aulin, R (2016) A taxonomy of planning and scheduling methods to support their more efficient use in construction project management. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 580-601.

Alfaraj, H M and Qin, S (2011) Operationalising CMMI: integrating CMMI and CoBIT perspective. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 9(03), 323-35.

Aluko, R O, Daniel, E I, Shamsideen Oshodi, O, Aigbavboa, C O and Abisuga, A O (2018) Towards reliable prediction of academic performance of architecture students using data mining techniques. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 385–97.

Amida, A, Chang, I and Yearwood, D (2019) Designing a practical lab-based assessment: a case study. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 567–81.

Amoah, C and Pretorius, L (2019) Evaluation of the impact of risk management on project performance in small construction firms in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 611–34.

Asiedu, R O (2017) Using lateritic gravel as all-in aggregate for concrete production. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(03), 305-16.

Asiedu, R O and Gyadu-Asiedu, W (2019) Assessing the predictability of construction time overruns using multiple linear regression and Markov chain Monte Carlo. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 583–600.

Ayeleso, A O and van Zyl, R R (2016) Photocurrents obtained from a triple planar probe sensor for in situ extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation measurements on low Earth orbiting CubeSats. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 641-51.

Ayodeji, F J (2014) Evaluation of site managers’ hindrances towards optimal utilisation of construction resources. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(03), 348-63.

Babatunde, S O and Ekundayo, D (2019) Barriers to the incorporation of BIM into quantity surveying undergraduate curriculum in the Nigerian universities. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(03), 629–48.

Badu, E, Edwards, D J and Owusu-Manu, D (2012) Trade credit and supply chain delivery in the Ghanaian construction industry: Analysis of vendor interactions with small to medium enterprises. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(03), 360-79.

Barak, M (2013) Teaching engineering and technology: cognitive, knowledge and problem-solving taxonomies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 11(03), 316-33.

Bellifa, S and Boumechra, N (2019) Effects of calcium leaching on the physical and mechanical properties of aerial lime-cement mortars. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(03), 649–66.

Booker, J D, Lock, R, Williamson, S and Freire, G J (2016) Effective practices for the concept design of electromechanical systems. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 489-506.

Chan, A P C and Ameyaw, E E (2013) The private sector's involvement in the water industry of Ghana. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 11(03), 251-75.

Chen, L and Mohamed, S (2008) Contribution of knowledge management activities to organisational business performance. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 6(03), 269–85.

Chileshe, N and Yirenkyi-Fianko, A B (2012) An evaluation of risk factors impacting construction projects in Ghana. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(03), 306-29.

d'Apolito, L and Hong, H (2019) Forklift truck performance simulation and fuel consumption estimation. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 689–703.

Dada, J O and Musa, N A (2016) Key factors affecting the competence of quantity surveyors: Evidence from construction industry stakeholders in Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 461-74.

Dadashnejad, A and Valmohammadi, C (2018) Investigating the effect of value stream mapping on operational losses: a case study. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 478–500.

Dang, C N and Le-Hoai, L (2019) Relating knowledge creation factors to construction organizations’ effectiveness. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(03), 515–36.

Diao, X, Shen, L, Zeng, S, Ochoa Jose, J and Zhang, X (2010) Relationship between energy consumption and economic development in construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(03), 257–73.

Dithebe, K, Aigbavboa, C O, Thwala, W D and Oke, A E (2019) Analysis on the perceived occurrence of challenges delaying the delivery of water infrastructure assets in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(03), 554–71.

El-Medany, W M, Al-Omary, A, Al-Hakim, R and Nusaif, M (2014) Low cost real-time tracking system prototype using GM862 cellular quad band module. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(03), 389-407.

Emuze, F and Smallwood, J J (2014) Collaborative working in South African construction: contractors’ perspectives. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(03), 294-306.

Faccio, M, Gamberi, M, Nedaei, M and Pilati, F (2018) Technical and economic modelling and evaluation of a water distribution system equipped with an autoclave for industrial production applications. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 342–59.

Fore, S and Mbohwa, C T (2010) Cleaner production for environmental conscious manufacturing in the foundry industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(03), 314–33.

Ganah, A A and John, G A (2017) BIM and project planning integration for on-site safety induction. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(03), 341-54.

Garg, H C (2012) Theoretical modelling of orifice compensated symmetric hole-entry hybrid journal bearings. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(03), 421-35.

Ghanbarpour, S, Mazaheripour, H, Mirmoradi, S H and Barari, A (2010) The effect of type and volume fraction (VF) of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(03), 247–56.

Glatte, T (2015) Location strategies: methods and their methodological limitations. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 435-62.

Hagberg, J and Styhre, A (2013) The production of social space: shopping malls as relational and transductive spaces. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 11(03), 354-74.

Hassan, O A and Johansson, C (2018) Glued laminated timber and steel beams. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 398–417.

Hassan, O A B (2016) Effect of foundation designs of passive house on the thermal bridges at the ground. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 602-13.

Holt, G D and Goulding, J S (2017) The “ological-triad”: considerations for construction management research. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(03), 286-304.

I., B S, L., S R and Ramulu, P J (2019) Surface development by reinforcing nano-composites during friction stir processing – a review. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 653–87.

Idoro, G I (2009) Clients' perception of construction project leaders in the Nigerian banking industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 7(03), 264–81.

Ismaila, S O, Akanbi, O G and Ngassa, C N (2014) Models for estimating the anthropometric dimensions using standing height for furniture design. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(03), 336-47.

Jaiganesh, V and Prakasan, K (2016) Comparison of flow behaviour in pressurized gating systems using water models and numerical simulation. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 652-74.

Jayakrishna, K, Girubha, R J and Vinodh, S (2016) Comparison of sustainability characteristics of conventional and CNC turning processes: A case study. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 422-45.

Jayaram, S (2009) Development of payload housing for temperature and pressure control of bio fuel cells for space applications. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 7(03), 323–34.

Jiang, Q (2019) Estimation of construction project building cost by back-propagation neural network. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 601–9.

Katz, J I (2014) Quantifying “cliffs” in design space. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(03), 374-88.

Kaur, G, Singh, M L and Patterh, M S (2011) Analytical analysis of long-haul DWDM optical transmission systems in the presence of fiber nonlinearities. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 9(03), 336-46.

Kereri, J O and Adamtey, S (2019) RFID use in residential/commercial construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(03), 591–612.

Khan, M R and Sonawane, A (2019) Prediction of impact response in construction safety helmet using FEA. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 557–66.

Kim, J, Hyun, J-Y, Chong, W K and Ariaratnam, S (2017) Understanding the effects of environmental factors on building energy efficiency designs and credits: Case studies using data mining and real-time data. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(03), 270-85.

Koutsikouri, D, Austin, S and Dainty, A (2008) Critical success factors in collaborative multi-disciplinary design projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 6(03), 198–226.

Kumar, S D, Kumar, K B and Sharma, R K (2014) Delay model for dynamically switching coupled on-chip interconnects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(03), 364-73.

Kumar, S, Khan, I A and Gandhi, O P (2011) A kaleidoscopic view of psychology in design for maintainability of mechanical systems: A review. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 9(03), 347-70.

Li, H, Guo, H L, Kong, S C W and Chen, Z (2012) Optimization of curved roof surface design using GA. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(03), 345-59.

Lichtenstein, S, Badu, E, Owusu-Manu, D-G, Edwards, D J and Holt, G D (2013) Corporate social responsibility architecture and project alignments: A study of the Ghanaian construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 11(03), 334-53.

Malhotra, M, Sahu, V, Srivastava, A and Misra, A K (2019) Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of pre-existing utility tunnel on the bearing capacity of shallow footing in sandy soils. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 513–29.

Mamphweli, N S and Meyer, E L (2011) Development of a cyclone with internal electric field. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 9(03), 313-22.

Maurice Oscar, D and Ernst, U (2010) Benefits and impacts of THRIP-supported applied research projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(03), 296–313.

Mayouf, M, Gerges, M and Cox, S (2019) 5D BIM: an investigation into the integration of quantity surveyors within the BIM process. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(03), 537–53.

Mekid, S and Bashmal, S (2019) Engineering manipulation at nanoscale: further functional specifications. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(03), 572–90.

Mekid, S and Shang, M (2015) Concept of dependent joints in functional reconfigurable robots. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 400-18.

Mlitwa, N B W and Birch, D (2011) The role of intrusion detection systems in electronic information security: From the activity theory perspective. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 9(03), 296-312.

Mlitwa, N W B and Wanyonyi, D W (2015) Towards interactive open source based m-Learning solution: the m-Chisimba framework. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 463-85.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: design; implementing; managing and practicing innovation; information and communication technologies; education practices; knowledge management; effectiveness; alternative and new technologies
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-08-2013-0059
  • Abstract:
    Purpose – This paper aims to present a research outcome to an investigation towards the innovative use of electronic-learning (e-Learning) software solutions to strengthen the interactive component of mobile learning (m-Learning) in university contexts. This work was motivated by observations of interactive limitations in existing m-Learning solutions in well-intentioned software development and e-Learning efforts. The aim of the project, thus, was to interrogate hindrances to the potency of m-Learning interventions. The idea was to strengthen the interactive component, to improve the compatibility of the desktop e-Learning process – with mobile appliances such as mobile phones and, finally, to explore cost minimizing avenues of downloading learning materials over mobile phones. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology of the project was twofold: that is, both literature-based and experimental. Literature background offered insight on existing efforts towards interactive m-Learning solutions. Against this background, the project was then designed to explore ways to provide presentations and interactive chats for effective m-Learning over mobile phones. The idea was to reduce the file size of presentations slides for effective display on mobile devices. Finally, the aim was also to minimize airtime costs when transmitting presentation slides and when conducting interactive chats on mobile phones. An experiment research method was, thus, used. In this method, a problem and question were articulated first. Then, a practical technological solution was conceptualized, developed, pre-tested, modified and re-tested until it complied with sought specifications, Finally, the solution was implemented, to confirm its viability and response to a research problem and, ultimately, was reported in the findings. Findings – Slides were developed with light colour resolutions to open effortlessly on tiny mobile screens. The best quality was between 128 and 201.188 (out of 255) pixels (more visible mobile phone screens), using Open Source Software. Clear slides also had a font greater than size 32. The average data per presentation were 9,872.66 bytes, and, when seven learners were chatting, it was 3,686.63 bytes (0.03 megabytes). For airtime costs, the Vodacom rate of R0.46 per megabyte was used. This translates to 0.8 × 0.46 = R0.0368 cost per slide. The m-Chisimba platform therefore, seems to be cost-effective, quality expedient and most appropriate for interactive m-Learning. Research limitations/implications – Existing m-Learning has been inadequate, failing to align adequately the desktop e-Learning solutions with mobile phone platforms. Desktop presentation slides, for example, have been incompatible with mobile phones’ operations and screen sizes. Mostly, content could consume a lot more airtime, owing to large sizes of desktop originated material that was incompatible with mobile platforms. A solution that emerged from original experiments, leading to the enhanced interactive m-Learning solution, the m-Chisimba platform, is, therefore, presented in this paper. The thinking is that mobile applications are convenient enablers which extend access to information. Nevertheless, mobile applications (including m-Learning solutions) cannot be seen as panaceas to solve all learning concerns as literacy and affordability remain challenges in many under-developed social environments. As a newly developed innovation, the m-Chisimba platform offers an improved m-Learning solution for learning activities over mobile gadgets such as mobile phones. Practical implications – The research work offers new innovative solutions in a number of practical ways. It improves the interactivity component of the m-Learning process, to empower educators and learners to effectively engage learning over m-Learning devices. Social implications – The innovation makes it easier to for learning to take place effortlessly, over mobile platforms. Implications are that more people will be able to access learning processes on the move, meaning th t obstacles to access learning opportunities are minimised. Originality/value – Existing m-Learning has been inadequate, failing to align adequately the desktop e-Learning solutions with mobile phone platforms. Desktop presentation slides, for example, have been incompatible with mobile phones’ operations and screen sizes. Mostly, content could consume a lot more airtime, owing to large sizes of desktop-originated material that was incompatible with mobile-platforms. A solution that emerged from original experiments, leading to the enhanced interactive m-Learning solution, the m-Chisimba platform, is, therefore, presented in this paper. The thinking is that mobile applications are convenient enablers which extend access to information. Nevertheless, mobile applications (including m-Learning solutions) cannot be seen as panaceas to solve all learning concerns as literacy and affordability remain challenges in many under-developed social environments. As a newly developed innovation, the m-Chisimba platform offers an improved m-Learning solution for learning activities over mobile gadgets such as mobile phones.

Moradipour, P, Noorzaei, J, Jaafar, M S and Aziz, F N A A (2013) An improved computational method in structural dynamics. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 11(03), 288-315.

Mostafaeipour, A, Goudarzi, H, Sedaghat, A, Jahangiri, M, Hadian, H, Rezaei, M, Golmohammadi, A and Karimi, P (2019) Energy efficiency for cooling buildings in hot and dry regions using sol-air temperature and ground temperature effects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(03), 613–28.

Motjolopane, B P and Zyl, R v (2009) A review of rectenna models for electromagnetic energy harvesting. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 7(03), 282–92.

Mousakhani, E, Yavarkhani, M and Sohrabi, S (2017) Selecting an appropriate alternative for a major infrastructure project with regard to value engineering approach. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(03), 395-416.

Msomi, V and Oliver, G J (2016) Smart morphing based on shape memory alloy plate. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 475-88.

Msomi, V and Oliver, G J (2016) Smart morphing based on shape memory alloy plate. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 475-88.

Mtunzi, B and Meyer, E L (2015) Design and implementation of a directly cooled PV/T. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 369-79.

Nganpet, N G and Biermann, E (2016) Image compression system for a 3U CubeSat. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 446-60.

Ogwueleka, A C and Maritz, M J (2016) Modeling for incentive payoffs in the Nigerian construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 543-62.

Olanrewaju, A and Tan, S Y (2018) An exploration into design criteria for affordable housing in Malaysia. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 360–84.

Olatunde, N A, Ogunsemi, D R and Oke, A E (2017) Impact of team members’ composition on construction projects delivery in selected higher institutions in Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(03), 355-77.

Onubi, H O, Yusof, N and Hassan, A S (2019) Adopting green construction practices: health and safety implications. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 635–52.

Othman, A A E and Elsaay, H (2018) A learning-based framework adopting post occupancy evaluation for improving the performance of architectural design firms. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 418–38.

Othman, A A E and Mia, B (2008) Corporate social responsibility for solving the housing problem for the poor in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 6(03), 237–57.

Othman, A A E and Sirbadhoo, N (2009) An innovative partnership framework for sustainable development of rural areas in South Africa: The role of project management firms. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 7(03), 243–63.

Othman, A and Abdellatif, M (2011) Partnership for integrating the corporate social responsibility of project stakeholders towards affordable housing development: A South African perspective. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 9(03), 273-95.

Othman, N L and Jaafar, M (2013) Personal competency of selected women construction project managers in Malaysia. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 11(03), 276-87.

Owusu-Manu, D, Kukah, A, Edwards, D J, Pärn, E A, El-Gohary, H and Aigbavboa, C (2018) Causal relationships of moral hazard and adverse selection of Ghanaian Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) construction projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(03), 439–60.

Owusu-Manu, D, Pärn, E A, Donkor-Hyiaman, K, Edwards, D J and Blackhurst, K (2016) The relative importance of mortgage pricing determinants in mortgage affordability in Ghana: An ex post attribution. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 563-79.

Powell, R I and Copping, A G (2016) Measuring fatigue-related impairment in the workplace. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 507-25.

Prasanna, M and Vinodh, S (2013) Lean Six Sigma in SMEs: an exploration through literature review. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 11(03), 224-50.

Sahu, V, Attri, R, Gupta, P and Yadav, R (2019) Development of eco friendly brick using water treatment plant sludge and processed tea waste. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 727–38.

Santoso, D S and Gallage, P G M P (2019) Critical factors affecting the performance of large construction projects in developing countries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 531–56.

Sanusi, K O and Oliver, G J (2009) Effects of grain size on mechanical properties of nanostructured copper alloy by severe plastic deformation (SPD) process. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 7(03), 335–41.

Simon, M and Meyer, E L (2012) Low cost I-V system employing variable power supply unit as an electronic load. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(03), 330-44.

Spillane, J P, Oyedele, L O and Meding, J v (2012) Confined site construction: An empirical analysis of factors impacting health and safety management. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(03), 397-420.

Ssegawa, J K and Rwelamila, P D (2009) The research skill factor as a cause for high postgraduate attrition rate. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 7(03), 293–322.

Tangwe, S L, Simon, M and Meyer, E L (2017) Prediction of coefficient of performance and simulation design of an air-source heat pump water heater. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(03), 378-94.

Tartibu, L K, Sun, B and Kaunda, M A E (2015) Optimal design study of thermoacoustic regenerator with lexicographic optimization method. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 499-519.

Thakur, N, Awasthi, Y, Hooda, M and Siddiqui, A S (2019) Adaptive whale optimization for intelligent multi-constraints power quality improvement under deregulated environment. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(03), 490–514.

Upadhyay, A K and Jain, K (2016) Modularity in nuclear power plants: a review. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 526-42.

van Rensburg, R, Mellado, B and Augusto Marin Tobon, C (2019) Wireless mesh network data communications and reliability analysis for anti-theft application deployment in educational institutions. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(03), 474–89.

Verma, S K and Kaushik, B K (2015) Bus encoder design for crosstalk and power reduction in RLC modelled VLSI interconnects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 486-98.

Vinodh, S and Arun, M (2010) Application of creative design concept to braking system synchronization in two wheeler bikes. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(03), 354–68.

Vinodh, S and Rathod, G (2014) Application of life cycle assessment and Monte Carlo simulation for enabling sustainable product design. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 12(03), 307-15.

Vinodh, S, Selvaraj, T and Praveen, T (2012) Design and development of agile product development cycle for rotary switches. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(03), 380-96.

Vinodh, S, Selvaraj, T, Chintha, S K and K. E. K., V (2015) Development of value stream map for an Indian automotive components manufacturing organization. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 380-99.

Wang, J-Y, Kang, X-P and Tam, V W-Y (2008) An investigation of construction wastes: an empirical study in Shenzhen. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 6(03), 227–36.

Woldemichael, D E and Hashim, F M (2011) A framework for function-based conceptual design support system. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 9(03), 250-72.

Wu, M, Wang, L, Li, M and Long, H (2015) Alleviating feature fatigue in product development based on the bass model. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(03), 350-68.

Yap, J B H and Cheah, S Y (2019) Key challenges faced by Chinese contractors in Malaysian construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(03), 705–26.

Yograj Singh, D, Brajesh Kumar, K, Sankar, S and Raghuvir, S (2010) Performance comparison of carbon nanotube, nickel silicide nanowire and copper VLSI interconnects: perspectives and challenges ahead. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(03), 334–53.

Zhao, L and Freiheit, T (2017) Estimating good design attributes from generalized drivers to provide early assistance to design requirements analysis. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(03), 317-40.

Zhao, Z-Y, Zhao, X-J, Zuo, J and Zillante, G (2016) Corporate social responsibility for construction contractors: a China study. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 14(03), 614-40.