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Adewumi, A S, Onyango, V, Moyo, D and AlWaer, H (2019) A review of selected neighbourhood sustainability assessment frameworks using the Bellagio STAMP. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(01), 108–18.

Agyekum, K, Blay, K and Opoku, A (2019) Mechanisms for preventing rising damp in new building infrastructure. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(01), 87–107.

Ahmad Shazali, A S and Tahar, K N (2019) Virtual 3D model of Canseleri building via close-range photogrammetry implementation. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 217–27.

Al-Kheetan, M J, Rahman, M M and Chamberlain, D A (2018) Remediation and protection of masonry structures with crystallising moisture blocking treatment. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(01), 77–92.

Alao, O O and Jagboro, G O (2017) Assessment of causative factors for project abandonment in Nigerian public tertiary educational institutions. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(01), 41–62.

Ali, A S, Azmi, N F and Baaki, T K (2018) Cost performance of building refurbishment works: the case of Malaysia. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(01), 41–62.

Amadi, A and Higham, A P (2019) A cost trajectory to environmentally adaptive building construction in wet humid settings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 68–88.

Ashdown, M M, Crawley, J, Biddulph, P, Wingfield, J, Lowe, R and Elwell, C A (2019) Characterising the airtightness of dwellings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 89–106.

Blay, K, Agyekum, K and Opoku, A (2019) Actions, attitudes and beliefs of occupants in managing dampness in buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(01), 42–53.

Crawley, J, Biddulph, P, Wingfield, J, Ashdown, M, Lowe, R and Elwell, C (2019) Inferring the as-built air permeability of new UK dwellings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 3–19.

Djebbar, K E, Salem, S and Mokhtari, A (2019) Assessment of energy performance using bottom-up method. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 192–216.

Enshassi, A, Ayash, A and Mohamed, S (2018) Key barriers to the implementation of energy-management strategies in building construction projects. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(01), 15–40.

Erkoreka, A, Flores-Abascal, I, Escudero, C, Martin, K, Millan, J A and Sala, J M (2019) Flat roof hygrothermal performance testing and evaluation. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 148–75.

Flood, C and Scott, L (2019) Thermal analysis and post construction verification. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 51–67.

Gerges, M, Mayouf, M, Rumley, P and Moore, D (2017) Human behaviour under fire situations in high-rise residential building. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(01), 90–106.

Gupta, R, Gregg, M and Cherian, R (2019) Developing a new framework to bring consistency and flexibility in evaluating actual building performance. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 228–55.

Hamidane, H, Ababneh, A, Messabhia, A and Xi, Y (2019) Modeling of chloride penetration in concrete structures under freeze-thaw cycles. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 127–47.

Hosseini, M R, Roelvink, R, Papadonikolaki, E, Edwards, D J and Pärn, E (2018) Integrating BIM into facility management. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(01), 2–14.

Ibraheem, Y, Piroozfar, P A, Farr, E R and Ravenscroft, N (2019) Methodological evaluation of Integrated Façade Systems. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 107–26.

Jandali, D and Sweis, R (2019) Factors affecting maintenance management in hospital buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(01), 6–21.

Kayan, B A (2017) Green maintenance for heritage buildings: paint repair appraisal. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(01), 63–89.

Li, M, Allinson, D and Lomas, K (2019) Estimation of building heat transfer coefficients from in-use data. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 38–50.

Md Ali, Z, Zawawi, R, Myeda, N E and Mohamad, N (2019) Adaptive reuse of historical buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(01), 54–68.

O’Connell, S, Reynders, G, Seri, F, Sterling, R and Keane, M M (2019) A standardised flexibility assessment methodology for demand response. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 20–37.

Ogbeifun, E, Mbohwa, C and Pretorius, J C (2018) Developing an effective renovation plan: the influence of data collection tools. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(01), 63–76.

Opawole, A and Jagboro, G O (2018) Compensation mechanisms for minimizing private party risks in concession-based public-private partnership contracts. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(01), 93–120.

Rogage, K, Clear, A, Alwan, Z, Lawrence, T and Kelly, G (2019) Assessing building performance in residential buildings using BIM and sensor data. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(01), 176–91.

Spennemann, D H, Pike, M and Watson, M J (2017) Effects of acid pigeon excreta on building conservation. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(01), 2–15.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Pollution; Biogenic decay; Structural decay; Urban environment;
• ISBN/ISSN: 2398-4708
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-09-2016-0023
• Abstract:
  Birds are implicated in spoiling and decay of buildings, especially through their droppings. Pigeons are considered the main culprits, and several studies have examined the effects and chemistry of accumulations of droppings without evidence to the exact origins of the source of the excreta. The paper aims to discuss these issues. This study reviews and summarises the state of knowledge with regard to the impact of bird excreta on buildings. It experimentally assesses the acidity of fresh pigeon excreta with different diets and examines the development of the acidity of the excreta after voiding. Feral pigeons in urban settings are known to be fed by a range of foods. Urban food scraps-derived diets produce more acidic excreta than more natural diets such as seeds. This is a first study of its kind to examine the impact of a bird’s diet on the pH and thus the resulting (potential) decay of masonry. This study showed that from a management’s perspective, pigeons that subsist entirely on human provided foods will be depositing more initially acidic faeces. If faecal accumulation occurs; then, mould and other bacteria quickly alter the chemistry from acidic towards basic, but the damage may already be done. This paper is the first study of its kind to examine the effects of fresh pigeon droppings of known origin and age once voided from the intestine. This allows the authors to assess the impact during the first few days.

Sweis, R, Moarefi, A, Hoseini-Amiri, S and Moarefi, S (2019) Delay factors of the schedule of strategic industrial projects. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(01), 69–86.

Tade, O, O’Neill, S, Smith, K G, Williams, T, Ali, A, Bayyati, A and See, H (2019) Modified sewer asset management to accommodate London’s future sustainable development. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(01), 22–41.

Zuhaib, S, Manton, R, Hajdukiewicz, M, Keane, M M and Goggins, J (2017) Attitudes and approaches of Irish retrofit industry professionals towards achieving nearly zero-energy buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(01), 16–40.