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Adriaanse, A M and Voordijk, H (2002) Information richness in construction projects: a critical social theory. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 197–206.
Alves, N M F and Bártolo, P J S (2002) Reversing design through computer vision. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 503–10.
Ashton, P and Gidado, K (2002) The identification of uncertainty and risk associated with inadequate site investigation procedures relative to project complexity. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 371–9.
Aye, L, Bamford, N, Charters, B and Robinson, J (2002) The carbon footprint of a new commercial building. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 129–36.
Bártolo, H M G and Bártolo, P J S (2002) Borrowing from nature to support architectural design. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 155–64.
- Type: Conference Proceedings
- Keywords: design by nature; design by human; architectural design; computational tools
- ISBN/ISSN: 0 9534161 7 8
- URL: http://www.arcom.ac.uk/-docs/proceedings/ar2002-155-164_Bártolo_and_Bártolo.pdf
- Abstract:
During billion of years of natural evolution, the planet’s ecosystems have organized in subtle and complex ways to maximize sustainability. This is a process of past, present and future transformation, as each natural organism is part of a population of similar organisms that evolved to get the survival characteristics required by the environment. Through amazing examples of adaptability transformations performed by these natural organisms, it is clear that this extraordinary fitness process can be transposed to the design field. Architectural design can then be considered an integration of two distinct processes: design by human and design by nature. Design by nature can be defined as an optimized problem-solving process performed by natural organisms to successfully respond to the challenges imposed by environments, to support and optimize the other problem-solving processes that characterizes the design by human activity.This paper focuses on the application of principles borrowed from nature to develop computational tools. These principles to be effective and easily implemented must be embedded into computational systems, constituting important tools to support the problem-solving activity that characterizes the design by human process. They should also induce into the computer the ability to identify sustainable design strategies. Further, a proper chain of computer-tools and procedures are proposed to optimize the understanding and collaboration of design participants.
Benmansour, C and Hogg, K (2002) An investigation into the barriers to innovation and their relevance within the construction sector. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 677–86.
Bidarianzadeh, G R and Fortune, C J (2002) Lean thinking and the delivery of sustainable construction projects. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 567–76.
Birgonul, M T, Ozdogan, I D and Ataoglu, T (2002) Organizational learning as a performance driver in construction companies. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 647–56.
Boes, H, Dorée, A and Veen, B v d (2002) First evaluation of new scheme for design-construct procurement in the Netherlands. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 137–44.
Boyd, D and Belcher, R (2002) Learning to change in the UK and US. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 627–36.
Bresnen, M and Swan, J (2002) Understanding the implementation of new management initiatives in the construction firm. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 657–66.
Cabahug, R R, Golding, P, Edwards, D J and Nicholas, J (2002) Cognitive ‘visual’ processing and manual dexterity: the influence of eye-to-hand coordination on a plant operator’s aptitude. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 451–9.
Chan, C T W and Pasquire, C (2002) Estimation of project overheads: a contractor’s perspective. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 53–62.
Chan, P (2002) Factors affecting labour productivity in the construction industry. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 771–80.
Cheung, S-O, LYeung, D K, Cheung, F K T and Suen, H C H (2002) A planning framework for conditions of contract for use in partnering projects. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 361–70.
Christian, J (2002) An overview of systems utilizing information and communication technologies: five research case studies. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 485–92.
Cozens, P, Waters, J and Neale, R (2002) A virtual reality approach to personal safety and the design of built environment facilities. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 461–73.
Dawood, N N and Dalakleidis, G D A (2002) Industrial review and development of a cost management system for the Greek construction industry. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 43–52.
Devapriya, K A K and Pretorius, F I H (2002) Project finance in Asia: governing variables of past, present, and future pf arrangements in power projects. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 337–47.
Dunlop, P G and Smith, S D (2002) Simulation analysis of the UK concrete delivery and placement process: a tool for planners. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 781–90.
Edum-Fotwe, F T, Gregory, M J, Thorpe, A, Cooper, R and Deasley, P J (2002) Managing distributed design teams and processes: a cross-sector study of construction and aerospace. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 87–98.
Egbu, C O, Gaskell, C and Howes, J (2002) The improvement of teamworking through the exploitation of IT: lessons from the construction, manufacturing and finance sectors. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 523–32.
Eksteen, B and Bate, G (2002) The effects of construction on the environment: a case study. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 119–28.
Eksteen, B and Krause, S (2002) Constructing new automotive production facilities in a mature brownfield site. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 535–44.
Eksteen, B and Rosenberg, D (2002) The management of overhead costs in construction companies. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 13–22.
Francis, V (2002) Supportive organizations: assessing their effect on civil engineers. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 207–16.
Gameson, R and Sher, W (2002) An investigation into project team dynamics and the utilization of virtual environments. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 177–86.
Gorse, C A, Emmitt, S, Lowis, M and Howarth, A (2002) Interaction characteristics of successful contractors’ representatives. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 187–95.
Greene, A, Thorpe, A and Austin, S A (2002) As likely as not it could happen: linguistic interpretations of risk. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 637–46.
Gruneberg, S and Ive, G (2002) The relationship between the aggregate annual wage bills of heating and ventilation contractors, heating and ventilation industry output and construction industry output. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 295–304.
Gunning, J G and Moss, J (2002) Public private partnership procurement of educational facilities in the UK. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 327–35.
Healy, J, Ryan, W, Stewart, S and Stewart, R (2002) Training needs analysis in an SME in the Irish construction industry. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 687–95.
Heywood, C, Missingham, G and Kenley, R (2002) Strategic issues for facility provision: a re-examination of the NIMBY phenomenon. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 109–18.
Holmen, E, Veen, B v d and Dorée, A G (2002) Inter-organizational relationships in construction: present lack of consensus and inspiration for further research. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 709–18.
Huang, C, Fisher, N and Broyd, T (2002) Development of a triangular TPC model to support adoption of construction integrated system. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 427–38.
Jackson, S (2002) Development of a tool for whole life design appraisal. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 165–73.
Jackson, S (2002) Project cost overruns and risk management. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 99–108.
Johansen, E (2002) The application of a pilot pull planning system to construction projects. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 761–70.
Kaka, A P and Fortune, C (2002) Net cash flow models: towards the black box approach. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 73–83.
Kashiwagi, D T (2002) Application of information measurement theory (IMT) to construction. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 511–21.
Kashiwagi, D T and Byfield, R (2002) Minimizing political influence in performance contracting case studies. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 349–58.
Kashiwagi, D T, Slater, C and Kashiwagi, M (2002) ‘Just in time’ information for performance based systems. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 577–86.
Kelly, J and Hunter, K (2002) Using value management techniques to set up partnering agreements. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 699–708.
Kempton, J, Chapman, K and Alani, A M (2002) Surveyor element lifetime predictions and the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 145–54.
Kestle, L, London, K, Bodger, P and Storey, B (2002) The development of a typology for remote construction projects. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 305–16.
Khosrowshahi, F (2002) Project cost-time optimal solutions. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 839–48.
Kishk, M, Al-Hajj, A, Pollock, R and Aouad, G F (2002) A generic database for whole life costing applications in construction. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 33–42.
Koch, C and Marton, J (2002) Implementing multiskilled teams on the construction site: developing a Scandinavian model?. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 247–56.
Koch, C and Simonsen, R (2002) Seeping in? Embankment of product innovations in urban renewal. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 617–26.
Koch, C and Thuesen, C (2002) Knowledge management in contractors: developing communities of practice to support the re-use of knowledge. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 607–15.
Laan, A, Leuven, A v, Kolkman, S and Voordijk, H (2002) IT in construction: aligning IT and business strategies. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 439–49.
Lee, J M, Anumba, C J, Gibb, A G and Agbasi, E (2002) The current status of the cladding sector and its opportunities for computer-integrated manufacture (CIM). In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 493–502.
Lewis, S J and Greenwood, D J (2002) The treatment of risk in construction contracts under PFI/PPP. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 415–23.
Li, B, Akintoye, A and Hardcastle, C (2002) Risks and risk treatments in public private partnership projects. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 403–14.
Lopes, J (2002) Characteristics of the main institutional actors in the Portuguese construction industry. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 267–76.
Mahmoud, S Y and Scott, S (2002) The development and use of key performance indicators by the UK construction industry. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 587–94.
Maqsood, T and Akintoye, A (2002) Supply chain management: more than a new name for management of relationships. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 749–58.
Marasini, R and Dawood, N (2002) Integration of genetic algorithms and simulation for stockyard layout planning. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 821–30.
Matsumoto, I T, Thorpe, A, Baldwin, A and McWilliams, R (2002) Linking process mapping and technology: a case study of teamwork 2001. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 831–8.
McKay, L J, Gibb, A G F, Haslam, R and Pendlebury, M (2002) Implications for the effect of standardization and pre-assembly on health, safety and accident causality: preliminary results. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 257–64.
Moore, D R and Dainty, A R J (2002) Criticizing the ‘techniques of communication’ approach: a response. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 237–46.
Mukherjee, A, Hoare, D and Hoare, J (2002) Selection of research methodology for PhD researchers working with an organization. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 667–76.
Mutti, C d N and Hughes, W (2002) Cash flow management in construction firms. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 23–32.
Ng, A K W and Price, A D F (2002) Optimizing the performance of sub-contractors in building construction projects in Hong Kong. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 811–9.
Odeyinka, H A, Lowe, J G and Kaka, A P (2002) A construction cost flow risk assessment model. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 3–12.
Pepper, C, Dainty, A R J, Bagilhole, B M and Gibb, A G F (2002) Diversity: a driver of business improvement within the UK construction sector?. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 277–85.
Ribeiro, F L and Lopes, J (2002) An approach to e-business in construction. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 475–84.
Roy, R, Waller, J and Low, M (2002) Development of a process documentation system for the house-building industry. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 791–800.
Smallwood, J J (2002) Best practice workers’ compensation insurance performance: the related issues. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 227–36.
Smallwood, J J (2002) The influence of health and safety (H&S) culture on H&S performance. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 217–26.
Smith, J, Mills, A, Saunders, A and Love, P E D (2002) Business environment of construction firms: a comparison of metropolitan and regional enterprises in Australia. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 63–72.
Smith, S and Roy, R (2002) Product configuration in the house-building industry. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 719–28.
Sutrisna, M and Potts, K (2002) Analysing typical factors for the early prediction of variations. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 391–401.
Takim, R and Akintoye, A (2002) Performance indicators for successful construction project performance. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 545–55.
Watson, P and Davis, R (2002) The application of the European foundation for quality management excellence model. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 557–66.
Wild, A (2002) "False coherence" and "cohesive fragmentation" in construction's post-war corporatism 1945-70. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 729–38.
Wild, A (2002) The management college that never was. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 739–47.
Xu, T, Smith, N J and Bower, D A (2002) Improving the integration of international contractors in China. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 287–94.
Yamaguchi, H, Uher, T E and Runeson, G (2002) Negotiation analysis of risk allocation for PFI projects. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 381–90.
Zheng, D X M, Ng, S T and Kumaraswamy, M M (2002) Applying genetic algorithm techniques for time-cost optimization. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 801–10.
Ziouziou, S and Murdoch, I J (2002) Internationalization: the repositioning of the Japanese construction industry. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 317–25.
Zulu, S and Brown, A (2002) Construction project management process quality research: an exploratory examination. In: Greenwood, D (Ed.), Proceedings 18th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2002, Northumbria, UK. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 595–604.